The Role of Computers Skills in the Formation of Modern Translator's Professional Competence

TRANSLATION TOOLS

- Machine Translation -
Performs simple substitution of words in one language for words in another, but that alone usually cannot produce a good translation of a text because recognition of whole phrases and their closest counterpart in the target language is needed.

- Computer Assisted Translation -
Is a form of language translation in which a human translator uses computer software to support and facilitate the translation process.

Terminology Management Systems

- It allow translators to create and maintain a personal database of terminology, which is referred to as a "termbase", which means that is a custom-designed repository for consolidating and storing terminological information. There's a lot of benefits of using TMS-systems.

Localization Software

- Involves making the product linguistically and culturally apropiated for a target country.

- Stands for combination of language and technology in order to produce a product.

ICT, Education, Transformation, and Economic Development

US Development of Education release a draft of the National Educational Technology Plan.

Recommendations for the use of the technology to support the transformation of the US education system (ICT) are made.

Recommendations to the NETP are made as part of a constellation related to other components of the education system. As the plan contends, there's an urgent need to change US education.

 There are 5 sorts of research:

1.- Macroeconomic research.
2.- Microeconomic research.
3.- Labor market and workforce studies.
4.- Studies showing patterns of the everyday ICT use in American life.
5.- Studies showing that American schools are not using ICT in a significant way.



Macroeconomic Trends
- Studies shows that the US economy has undergone profound changes over the past several decades.
- Many of these have been fosteres by the dramatic growth in ICT.
- American economy in 1950, construction and the manufacture of material goods along with the delivery of material services.
- 57% was employed in this sector, 32% in manufacturing and construction alone.
- 1980. The production of the information products and the provision of information services came to account for 35% of the country's output.
- If educational or technology policy is going to contribute to economic growth and prosperity, prepare Americans to complete in the global economy.

Microeconomic trends
It has fostered fundamental changes. It confirm the impact of ICT on business practice.

Three sets of industries in the US:
1.- ICT producing industries acceleration of 3-7 % points.
2.- ICT using industries increase of2.0 % points.
3.- Other industries: 4.0% points.

Black & Lynch analyzed the casual mechanism behind the conection between ICT and productivity.

Labor Market Trends:
- The reorganization of work/uptake of the ICT have corresponded to a need for increased education.
- Commencing in the 1970s, manual tasks in the US economy declined.
- As ICT was taken up by firms, computer substituted both for workers who performed routine physical tasks.

Education policies that perpetuate a curriculum and assessment 

SOCIAL TRENDS: EVERYDAY ICT PRACTICES

In addition to its economic impact, the pervasiveness of ICT across the country has had a significant social impact on America. The study show that Americans, particularly American youth have become experienced and highly skilled technology users.

Services With Everything

The Algorithmic Revolution Transforms Activities

- Task underlying services can be transformed into formalizable, codifiable, computable processes.
- Bank ATMs.
- Existing activities that create new forms of value.

Reposition Services to Avoid Commoditization 

Fims see services as the solution to creating defensible positions in market . 
- Products themselves can be transformed into services when delivered via ICT network.
- Can be portals to services, or be embedded in services.

Blurring the Boundaries Between Manufacturing and Services
- In the current era, manufacturing itself is offered as a service.
- The services transformation is pervasive.

The Services Spectrum
- Irreductible services.
- Hybrid services.
- Automated services.

* Fully automated systems, the evidence suggests, offer the greatest potential productivity gains.

The limits in the Transformation: The need for Human Judgement.

The Services Dilemma
Its pits potential productivity gains against the threat of commoditization.

Two Matters Must be Noted:
1.- This applications of the ICT is always a beginning of the story-a cycle.
2.- For radical new services, the competitive problem is how to maintain advantage.

As ICT tools became more sophisticated producing both goods and services and managing the complex operations this implied, all became easier and less expensive.

Processes, Performance Drivers and ICT Tools in Human Resources Management

Human resource (HR) management.

There are 6 keys qualities of an HR Manager:

1.- Organization.

2.- Problem Solving.

3.- Communication.

4.- Expertise.

5.- Leadership.

6.- Ethics.

HR Managers to be Accountable and/or Responsible for the Following Business Processes:

- Preparing and Reviewing

- Interviewing

- Managing

- Instituting

- Evaluating

- Establishing

- Designing

- Outplacement

 

PERFORMANCE DRIVERS

2 concepts.

Kaplan: Describes performance drivers in Balanced Scorecards (BSC) context.

Grundy and brown: Describes performance driver analysis as one of the methods for implementing HR strategy.

We need to 3 categories to to make distinction between performance drivers.

The improvements emergin from these performance drivers may include several.

ICT for Translation and Interpreting

A Shortage of Qualified Linguists

–                    Paris declaration (2010)

–                    European Institutions anticipate a similar shortage in the next ten years.

–                    Industries are concerned about this.

–                    Average class of $325,000 euros per business.

How to tackle these crisis?

Through education and school of thought leans to a experiental learning.

DIFFICULTIES FOR THE METHOD LEARNING

Experience is vital, and it should be authentic. But, how does it became authentic?

-  John Dewey (1859 – 1952) One of the primary figures associated with philosofy of pragmatism.

David Kolb

1.- New Experience is encountered, or a reinterpretation of an existing experience.

2.- Reflexive observation.

3.-  Abstract conceptualization.

4.- Active experimentation.

Professional experiences enables lecturers to include specific difficulties in class exercises, based on their field observations.

 Then, these lectures are scripted

EMPOWERING STUDENTS AND FOSTERING TEAM WORK AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS

–                    The Wiki Tool

It can support a collaborative construction of knowledge.

Can also be used to make learners play different roles and cosider different perspectives.

Can help provide access to expert performance.

CONCLUSIONS

The variety of tools provided by these new technologies facilities the production of authentic materials and offer flexibility and adaptation to different types of learning patterns. ICT are still a fertile field for research and development.

The Role of the ICT Sector in Spanding Economic Opportunity

THE BUSINESS CASE FOR ENGAGEMENT

ICT companies to help the poor get richer is opportunity.

Power ⇒ skills. 

Connectivity ⇒ sistem. 

Content ⇒ equals: high demand for ICT.

LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS

ICTs became cheaper and more powerful. As economic opportunity expands, many of these micro-entrepreneurs will enter the formal economy.

INNOVATIONS

Most not only be affordable, reliable, and relevant. It must also have a low “total cost of ownership”.

INNOVATION BLOWBACK

In the ICT sector, both technological and business model innovations have the potential to blowback.

BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR THE ICT SECTOR IN EXPLANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

The most important way ICT companies can expand is to get those technologies out there and simuyltaneously drive the development and diversification of relevant content, applications and services.

CREATING INCLUSIVE BUSINESS MODELS

Two strategies:

 1.- Horizontal Deepending: Essentially about adding new costumer.

 2.- Vertical Deepending: Seek to grow markets by connecting technology more directly to opportunities and services that increase productivity, income, and quality of life.

Electronic Era

From 1946 to 1957...

The main events of this era was the electronic devices and the advent of solid states devices.

EVENTS

• Transistors Period
• Integrated Circuits Period

-

The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
It was the first electronic and general purpose computer.

- Transistor (1947)

• Electronic device.
• Lightweight and faster.
• Foundation of every electronic device.

 - Integrated Circuit
Was created by Jack Kilby, and revolutionized the use of computer and electronic devices.

- The Computer Processor
Was a fast-paced development, and was created by Pier Giorgio Perotto and Don Estride.

- The Telegraph
Was created by Samuel F.J. Morse. He invented the first magnetic telegraph in 1832. Before that, in 1815 he made an experiment version.

- Telephone and Radio
The first successful bi-directional transmission of clear speech by Bell and Watson was made on March 10th 1876.
Marchese Guglielmo Marconi invented the radiotelegraph.